(2014) eds. [154] On the other side of the Pyrenees, refugees were confined in internment camps in France, such as Camp Gurs or Camp Vernet, where 12,000 Republicans were housed in squalid conditions (mostly soldiers from the Durruti Division[155]). [28] Following his honeymoon Franco was summoned to Madrid to be presented to King Alfonso XIII. [250] In 2006, a poll indicated that almost two-thirds of Spaniards favoured a "fresh investigation into the war". Francisco Franco Franco's domestic policies became somewhat more liberal during the 1950s and '60s, and the continuity of his regime, together with its capacity for creative evolution, won him at least a limited degree of respect from some of his critics. Up to 200,000 people died of starvation during the early years of Francoism, a period known as Los Aos de Hambre (the Years of Hunger). The first stage (1939-1950) was defined by the economic independence or autarky imposed by Franco's government. Franco's first problem was how to move his troops to the Iberian Peninsula, since most units of the Navy had remained in control of the Republic and were blocking the Strait of Gibraltar. His loyal bodyguard was shot by Manuel Blanco. [9] Combined with wartime killings, this brings the death toll of the White Terror to between 100,000 and 200,000.[11]. The first load of arms and tanks arrived as early as 26 September and was secretly unloaded at night. Contrarily, according to Anti-Semitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution (2005): Spain provided visas for thousands of French Jews to transit Spain en route to Portugal to escape the Nazis. Head of State would be one of the titles most used by the regime since his official appointment on 1 October 1936, in addition to the one used in the Organic Law of the State (1967). Julio lvarez del Vayo talked about "Spain's being converted into a socialist Republic in association with the Soviet Union". Rif War and advancement through the ranks, From the Spanish Civil War to World War II. [188] The overthrow of Catholicism as the explicit state religion of Spain and the establishment of state-sponsored religious pluralism would be realized in Spain in 1978, with the new Constitution of Spain, three years after Franco's death. While expanding the Falange into a more pluralistic group, Franco made it clear that it was the government that used the party and not the other way around. The legal usage of languages other than Castilian was forbidden. The left proved victorious in the elections, but the new government was unable to prevent the accelerating dissolution of Spains social and economic structure. . During the pre-stabilization years of 19571959, Spanish economic planners implemented partial measures such as moderate anti-inflationary adjustments and incremental moves to integrate Spain into the global economy, but external developments and a worsening domestic economic crisis forced them to adopt more sweeping changes. Civil marriages which had taken place in Republican Spain were declared null and void unless they had been confirmed by the Catholic Church. [162], Spanish neutrality during World War II was publicly acknowledged by leading Allied statesmen. Jews who were not allowed to enter Spain, however, were sent to the Miranda de Ebro concentration camp or deported to France. [36] The monarchists and the army deserted Alfonso XIII and consequently the king decided to leave the country and go into exile, giving way to the Second Spanish Republic. Although Germany had recognised the Franco Government, Franco's policy towards Germany was extremely cautious until spectacular German victories at the beginning of the Second World War. [38] In his speech Franco stressed the Republic's need for discipline and respect. Franco recovered and on 2 September he resumed his duties as head of state. [235] Because the family refused to choose another location, the Spanish Government ultimately chose to rebury Franco at the Mingorrubio Cemetery in El Pardo, where his wife Carmen Polo and a number of Francoist officials, most notably prime ministers Luis Carrero Blanco and Carlos Arias Navarro, are buried. 1 prospect in baseball. For unofficial use, citizens continued to speak these languages. The leader of the Nationalist forces, General Franco, headed the authoritarian regime that came to power in the aftermath of the Civil War. This saw mass executions of Republican and other Nationalist enemies, standing in contrast to the war-time Red Terror. [41], Franco was a subscriber to the journal of Accin Espaola, a monarchist organisation, and a firm believer in a supposed Jewish-Masonic-Bolshevik conspiracy, or contubernio (conspiracy). [139] By 1939 the fascist style prevailed, with ritual rallying calls of "Franco, Franco, Franco. Until his death in November 1975, Franco ruled Spain as "Caudillo by the grace of God," as his coins proclaimed. [149][note 1] According to Helen Graham, the Spanish working classes became to the Francoist project what the Jews were to the German Volksgemeinschaft. Francisco Franco was a general and the leader of theNationalist forces that overthrew the Spanish democratic republic in theSpanish Civil War(193639); thereafter he was the head of the government ofSpainuntil 1973 and the head of state until his death in 1975. [232], On 13 September 2018, the Congress of Deputies voted 1762, with 165 abstentions, to approve the government's plan to remove Franco's body from the monument. [209] According to Antony Beevor, recent research in more than half of Spain's provinces indicates at least 35,000 official executions in the country after the war, suggesting that the generally accepted figure of 35,000 official executions is low. Thursday's long-awaited relocation fulfils a key . [3][145] Recent searches conducted with parallel excavations of mass graves in Spain by the Association for the Recovery of Historical Memory (Asociacin para la Recuperacin de la Memoria Histrica), ARMH) estimate that more than 35,000 people killed by the nationalist side are still missing in mass graves. The coup underway was precipitated by the assassination of the right-wing opposition leader Calvo Sotelo in retaliation for the murder of assault guard Jos Castillo, which had been committed by a group headed by a civil guard and composed of assault guards and members of the socialist militias. The following year he was seriously wounded by a bullet in the abdomen and returned to Spain to recover. His method was the summary execution of some 200 senior officers loyal to the Republic (one of them his own cousin). Franco died in 1975, aged 82, and was entombed in the Valle de los Cados. The Alianza Obrera declared a general strike "against fascism" in Catalonia in 1934. On . Menu. Soviet officers were in effective charge of military operations on the Madrid front. Their tactics resulted in heavy losses among Spanish military officers, and also provided an opportunity to earn promotion through merit on the battlefield. The Civil War had been largely a sanguinary struggle of attrition, marked by atrocities on both sides. The rebel government did not, however, gain complete control of the country for more than three years. [45], The elections held in October 1933 resulted in a centre-right majority. francisco franco goals. | Learn more about Francisco Franco's work experience, education, connections & more by visiting their . Franco. The years from 1951 to 1956 were marked by substantial economic progress, but the reforms of the period were only sporadically implemented, and they were not well coordinated. In 1907, only 14 years old, he entered the Infantry Academy atToledo, graduating three years later. During the war, he commanded Spain's African colonial army and later, following the deaths of much of the rebel leadership, became his faction's only leader, being appointed Generalissimo and head of state in 1936. Francisco Franco y Bahamonde (Spanish pronunciation: [fanisko fako i a(a)monde]; 4 December 1892 - 20 November 1975) was a Spanish military leader who ruled as the dictator of Spain from 1939 until his death. The tens of thousands of executions carried out by the Nationalist regime, which continued during the first years after the war ended, earned Franco more reproach than any other single aspect of his rule. [64][65] Stanley G. Payne claims that the process was blatant electoral fraud, with widespread violation of the laws and the constitution. With that he was promoted to major at the end of February 1917 at age 24. Francisco Franco Bahamonde (* 4. december 1892 - 20. november 1975 ), oznaovan tie ako generl Franco, bol panielsky dikttor a najvy predstavite panielska od roku 1939 a do svojej smrti v roku 1975. With the cargo came Soviet agents, technicians, instructors and propagandists. [125] His foreign diplomacy secured military aid from Italy and Germany and, by some accounts, helped keep Britain and France out of the war.[115]. This gesture was largely done to appease the monarchists in the Movimiento Nacional (Carlists and Alfonsists). Franco's Spanish nationalism promoted a unitary national identity by repressing Spain's cultural diversity. Match ends, Atltico Tucumn 0, Talleres de Crdoba 2. [202], All in all, some authors have pointed at a purported artificialness and failure of FET JONS in order to de-emphasize the Fascist weight within the regime whereas others have embedded those perceived features of "weak party" within the frame of a particular model of "Spanish Fascism". [39] Azaa entered an official reprimand into Franco's personnel file and for six months Franco was without a post and under surveillance. The general and dictator Francisco Franco (1892-1975) ruled over Spain from 1939 until his death. [112], On 1 October 1936, in Burgos, Franco was publicly proclaimed as Generalsimo of the National army and Jefe del Estado (Head of State). After the Civil War, Spain emerged devastated and with alarming economic problems. Notably, it had no control over government spending, and the government was not responsible to it; ministers were appointed and dismissed by Franco alone. The border would not be fully reopened until 1985. Check out the latest domestic and international stats, match logs, goals, height, weight and more for Francisco Vidal Franco playing for Deportivo Toluca FC in the Liga MX. [54] Franco, already General of Division and aide to the war minister, Diego Hidalgo, was put in command of the operations directed to suppress the violent insurgency. Costa Pinto, Antnio; Kallis, Aristotle. The legacy of Franco in Spanish history remains controversial, as the nature of his dictatorship changed over time. [30] In the end, Franco complied with Primo's orders, taking part in the retreat of Spanish soldiers from Xaouen[es] in late 1924, and thus earning a promotion to colonel. Franco became a national hero, and in 1926, at age 33, he was promoted to brigadier general. Only in 1975, with the Green March, did Morocco take control of all of the former Spanish territories in the Sahara. Others contained gold, silver, diamonds, emeralds, rubies, topazes, and pearls, but the most valuable jewels were kept in bank vaults. It decided to raise an international brigade of 5,000 men and a fund of 1billion francs to be administered by a committee of five in which Largo Caballero and Dolores Ibrruri ("la Pasionaria") had prominent roles. [160] (An oft-cited remark attributed to Hitler is that the German leader said that he would rather have some of his own teeth pulled out than to have to personally deal further with Franco). The town of Trujillo was in the Extremadura region of Spain, the same place where famed explorer Hernando de Soto was from. 5,000 Spaniards thus died in Mauthausen concentration camp. He felt that with Franco in undisputed control of Spain, the possibility of Italy intervening further or of its continuing to occupy the Balearic Islands would be prevented.[106]. [198] Regarding the regime, the Oxford Living Dictionary uses Franco's regime as an example of fascism,[199] and it has also been variously presented as a "fascistized dictatorship",[200] or a "semi-fascist regime". In several mining towns in Asturias, local unions gathered small arms and were determined to see the strike through. In the late 1960s, the aging Franco decided to name a monarch to succeed his regency, but the simmering tensions between the Carlists and the Alfonsoists continued. 198", "Political Change in Portugal and Spain, 1975-1976: The Southern Flank in Crisis", "El Congreso aprueba pedir al Gobierno la exhumacin de los restos de Franco del Valle de los Cados", "Spain to dig up Franco's body after government passes decree", "Spanish parliament votes to exhume remains of dictator Franco", "Franco's family demands dictator be buried with military honors", "Spanish government gives Franco family ultimatum in effort to exhume dictator's remains", "Mingorrubio, la antigua colonia franquista donde se enterrara a Franco: "No queremos ser el Valle de los Cados", "Spain's Supreme Court suspends the planned exhumation of Franco", "Spain to move Franco's remains after court gives go-ahead", "Franco's remains to finally leave Spain's Valley of the Fallen", "Confronting its troubled past, Spain exhumes Franco", "Factbox: Reactions to Spain's exhumation of former dictator Franco", "The Battle Over the Memory of the Spanish Civil War", "Spain handles with care memories of its civil war", "Viudos de Franco homenajearon a Pinochet en Espaa", Politics As Usual? [31], Franco led the first wave of troops ashore at Al Hoceima (Spanish: Alhucemas) in 1925. Despite this, Franco was forced to make some concessions. The next day, Valencia, which had held out under the guns of the Nationalists for close to two years, also surrendered. On 22 October 1923, Franco married Mara del Carmen Polo y Martnez-Valds (11 June 1900 6 February 1988). Azaa found Franco's farewell speech to the cadets insulting. Experienced Executive and Sales Professional with ample Management Skills and International Experience. In July 1936 Franco led a military rising against the Spanish republic, and by the end of the ensuing Civil War he had established a dictatorship which lasted until his death in 1975. Franco avoided involvement in Jos Sanjurjo's attempted coup that year, and even wrote a hostile letter to Sanjurjo expressing his anger over the attempt. Estimates of the family's wealth have ranged from 350million to 600million euros. His spokesman Antonio Tovar commented at a Paris conference entitled 'Bolshevism versus Europe' that "Spain aligned itself definitively on the side ofNational Socialist Germany and Fascist Italy. The regime took its first faltering steps toward abandoning its pretensions of self-sufficiency and towards a transformation of Spain's economic system. Franco came from a military background. The Trials and Tribulations of The Law of Historical Memory in Spain, El general franquisimo de Vazquez de Sola, "A Fascist Decade of War? Home rule was granted to Catalonia, with a local parliament and a president of its own. After two weeks of heavy fighting (and a death toll estimated between 1,200 and 2,000), the rebellion was suppressed. In the Rif War, the poorly commanded and overextended Spanish Army was defeated by the Republic of the Rif under the leadership of the Abd el-Krim brothers, who crushed a Spanish offensive on 24 July 1921, at Annual. [206] American military facilities in Spain built since then include Naval Station Rota, Morn Air Base, and Torrejn Air Base. El general Francisco Franco gobern Espaa entre 1939 y 1975, luego de participar en un alzamiento militar contra el gobierno de la II Repblica en 1936, una rebelin que provoc una guerra. Emigration helped the regime in two ways. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. In part because he was not a typical Spanish political general, Franco became head of state of the new Nationalist regime on October 1, 1936. Franco was removed as Director of the Zaragoza Military Academy in 1931; when the Civil War began, the colonels, majors, and captains of the Spanish Army who had attended the academy when he was its director displayed unconditional loyalty to him as Caudillo. Francisco Franco currently works at the Laboratrio de Colees Zoolgicas - LECZ, Instituto Butantan. The revolutionary movements that provoked the Spanish Civil War in 1936 created the only violent mass collectivist revolution of Western Europe in the twentieth century . Movies. The Communist International (Comintern) immediately reinforced its activity, sending to Spain its Secretary-General, the Bulgarian Georgi Dimitrov, and Palmiro Togliatti the chief of the Communist Party of Italy. The end of the war led to hundreds of thousands of exiles, mostly to France, but also to Mexico, Chile, Cuba, and the United States. Njegova je vladavina poznata po fokusiranju na panjolski nacionalizam, imperijalistikim tenjama, centralizmu . Francisco Franco Alba is known for Quemar las naves (2007), The Last Call (2013) and El hotel de los secretos (2016). Nacimiento: 4 de diciembre de 1892, Ferrol, Espaa. [260] Furthermore, the resolution urged the Spanish authorities to set up an underground exhibit in the Valle de los Caidos monument to explain the "terrible" conditions in which it was built. Franco remains a very controversial figure. The policy had devastating effects, and the economy stagnated. On 23 October 1940, Hitler and Franco met in Hendaye, France to discuss the possibility of Spain's entry on the side of the Axis. Franco initially pursued a policy of autarky, cutting off almost all international trade. Nevertheless, the Italian troops, despite not always being effective, were present in most of the large operations in large numbers. Franco's demands, including large supplies of food and fuel, as well as Spanish control of Gibraltar and French North Africa, proved too much for Hitler. The designated leader of the uprising, General Jos Sanjurjo, died on 20 July 1936 in a plane crash. In 1915 he became the youngest captain in the Spanish army. [63], Two wide coalitions formed: the Popular Front on the left, ranging from Republican Union to Communists, and the Frente Nacional on the right, ranging from the centre radicals to the conservative Carlists. [244], A highly controversial figure within Spain, Franco is seen as a divisive leader. During crucial campaigns against the Moroccan rebels, the legion played a decisive role in bringing the revolt to an end. Anti-Catalan sentiment during the Spanish Civil War erupted in a wave of atrocities that Paul Preston documents in his book The Spanish Holocaust. Mussolini's number one weapon during his rise to power was fear, he used the fear of people to take control over them. That year he also married Carmen Polo, with whom he had a daughter. [93], On 21 September, with the head of the column at the town of Maqueda (some 80km away from Madrid), Franco ordered a detour to free the besieged garrison at the Alczar of Toledo, which was achieved on 27 September. "[152] Julius Ruiz concludes that "although the figures remain disputed, a minimum of 37,843 executions were carried out in the Republican zone with a maximum of 150,000 executions (including 50,000 after the war) in Nationalist Spain."[153]. March 14th, 2022. In order to achieve that goal, censorship was enforced by the Book Censorship section, the Cinema and Theater . For some time he refused to commit himself to a military conspiracy against the government, but, as the political system disintegrated, he finally decided to join the rebels. [15] He was baptised thirteen days later at the military church of San Francisco, with the baptismal name Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Tedulo. @ adamdberry. Francisco Pizarro was born around 1475 in Trujillo, Spain. Tras pasar el estrecho de Gibraltar al frente del ejrcito de frica, Franco avanz por la pennsula hacia el norte. [71], On 19 February, the cabinet presided over by Portela Valladares resigned, with a new cabinet being quickly set up, composed chiefly of members of the Republican Left and the Republican Union and presided over by Manuel Azaa. While Franco did not suffer any great abuse by his father's hand, he would never overcome his antipathy for his father and largely ignored him for the rest of his life. At the end of 1935, President Alcal-Zamora manipulated a petty-corruption issue into a major scandal in parliament, and eliminated Alejandro Lerroux, the head of the Radical Republican Party, from the premiership. The Spanish Holocaust: Inquisition and Extermination in 20th Century Spain. He became head of the rebel Nationalist government on October 1 but did not gain complete control of the country for more than three years. The "Law of the Head of State," passed in August 1939, "permanently confided" all governing power to Franco; he was not required to even consult the cabinet for most legislation or decrees. [111], Mola had been somewhat discredited as the main planner of the attempted coup that had now degenerated into a civil war, and was strongly identified with the Carlist monarchists and not at all with the Falange, a party with Fascist leanings and connections ("phalanx", a far-right Spanish political party founded by Jos Antonio Primo de Rivera), nor did he have good relations with Germany. Fallecimiento: 20 de noviembre de 1975 (a los 82 aos de edad, por causas naturales). After various postponements, 18 July was fixed as the date of the uprising. [151], According to Gabriel Jackson and Antony Beevor, the number of victims of the "White Terror" (executions and hunger or illness in prisons) between 1939 and 1943 was 200,000. Jerez Mir, Miguel; Luque, Javier. Subsequently, Alcal-Zamora vetoed the logical replacement, a majority center-right coalition, led by the CEDA, which would reflect the composition of the parliament. The following day he flew to Morocco and within 24 hours was firmly in control of the protectorate and the Spanish army garrisoning it. [78] An obelisk (which has subsequently been removed) commemorating this historic meeting was erected at the site in a clearing at Las Races in Tenerife.[79]. He made no rash moves and suffered only a few temporary defeats as his forces advanced slowly but steadily; the only major criticism directed at him during the campaign was that his strategy was frequently unimaginative. [89] In Germany Wilhelm Canaris, the head of the Abwehr military intelligence service, persuaded Hitler to support the Nationalists;[90] Hitler sent twenty Ju 52 transport aircraft and six Heinkel biplane fighters, on the condition that they were not to be used in hostilities unless the Republicans attacked first. Pizarro came from a poor family. In October 1934, during a bloody uprising of Asturian miners who opposed the admission of three conservative members to the government, Franco was called in to quell the revolt. Like four generations and his elder brother before him, Franco was originally destined for a career as a naval officer, but reduction of admissions to the Naval Academy forced him to choose the army. Club career [ edit] Franco was one of the many uprooted young players from Toluca's secondary squad Atltico Mexiquense by then coach Amrico Gallego. [220] Franco was the only person interred in the Valley who did not die during the civil war. By that time, PSOE politician Indalecio Prieto had already deemed Franco as a "possible caudillo for a military uprising". The post of Prime Minister was attached to that of Head of State until the 1967. [175] Franco supplied Reichsfhrer-SS Heinrich Himmler, architect of the Nazis' Final Solution, with a list of 6,000 Jews in Spain.[175]. The Catholic Church was upheld as the established church of the Spanish State, and it regained many of the traditional privileges which it had lost under the Republic. Nombre de nacimiento: Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Tedulo Franco Bahamonde. Franco appealed the decision to the king, who reversed it. "[104][105] Hitler distrusted Franco; according to the comments he made at the conference he wanted the war to continue, but he did not want Franco to achieve total victory. He led his people, the Nationals, to victory. By 1973, Franco had surrendered the function of prime minister (Presidente del Gobierno), remaining only as head of state and commander in chief of the military. When he died in 1975, the major parties of the left and the right in Spain agreed to follow the Pact of Forgetting. Fast and self-learner, analytic, detail and goal oriented, excellent interpersonal skills. In 2010, documents were discovered showing that on 13 May 1941, Franco ordered his provincial governors to compile a list of Jews while he negotiated an alliance with the Axis powers. Spanish efforts to occupy the new African protectorate provoked the Second Melillan campaign in 1909 against native Moroccans, the first of several Riffian rebellions. [18] Ramn was an internationally known aviator and a Freemason, originally with leftist political leanings. The last public statue of Spain's former dictator, Francisco Franco, was removed from Spanish soil on Tuesday. [167][168] Franco was aware that his air force would be quickly defeated if going into action against the Royal Air Force, and the Royal Navy would easily be able to destroy Spain's small navy and blockade the entire Spanish coast to prevent imports of crucial materials such as oil. Born: August 25, 1987 in Autln de Navarro, Jalisco, Mexico mx. El Generalsimo - Spanish Dictatorship Song Isidore 2.46K subscribers Subscribe 9.3K 521K views 2 years ago Francisco Franco Bahamonde ruled Spain as dictator from 1939-1975 following the. [123] Beevor "reckons Franco's ensuing 'white terror' claimed 200,000 lives. Reig Tapia points out that Franco signed more decrees of execution than any other previous head of state in Spain. Alternate titles: El Caudillo, Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Tedulo Franco Bahamonde, Hilldale-Jaume Vicens Vives Professor of History, University of Wisconsin, Madison. In the winter of 1940 and 1941, Franco toyed with the idea of a "Latin Bloc" formed by Spain, Portugal, Vichy France, the Vatican and Italy, without much consequence. He rose to power during the bloody Spanish Civil War when, with the help of Nazi Germany and. Like four generations and his elder brother before him, Francisco Franco was originally destined for a career as a naval officer, but reduction of admissions to the Naval Academy forced him to choose the army. The conspiracy suggested that Jews, Freemasons, Communists, and other leftists alike sought the destruction of Christian Europe, with Spain being the principal target. This way the republican government of Manuel Azaa initiated numerous reforms to what in their view would "modernize" the country. On April 19, 1937, he fused the Falange (the Spanish fascist party) with the Carlists and created the rebel regimes official political movement. Francisco Franco first implemented this government policy in Spain after witnessing its achievements in Germany and Italy. Even the staunch socialist Indalecio Prieto, at a party rally in Cuenca in May 1936, complained: "We Spaniards have never seen so tragic a panorama or so great a collapse as in Spain at this moment. Conversely, Franco strongly identified with his mother (who always wore widow's black once she realised her husband had abandoned her) and learned from her moderation, austerity, self-control, family solidarity and respect for Catholicism, though he would also inherit his father's harshness, coldness and implacability.[20]. [87], Following the pronunciamiento of 18 July 1936, Franco assumed the leadership of the 30,000 soldiers of the Spanish Army of Africa. [177] In 2010, documents were discovered showing that on 13 May 1941, Franco ordered his provincial governors to compile a list of Jews while he negotiated an alliance with the Axis powers. "Riots Sweep Spain on Left's Victory; Jails Are Stormed", "Spain OKs Reparations to Civil War Victims", Associated Press, 28 July 2006, Military career and honours of Francisco Franco, Falange Espaola Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista, Association for the Recovery of Historical Memory, Falange Espaola Tradicionalista y de las JONS, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Economic history of Spain: Economy under Franco, Military career and honours of Francisco Franco Awards, Military career and honours of Francisco Franco Honorific eponyms, Generalissimo Francisco Franco is still dead, "Ley 14/1973, de 8 de junio, por la que se suspende la vinculacin de la Presidencia del Gobierno a la Jefatura del Estado", "Las races insulares de Franco (The island roots of Franco)", "El monumento a Franco en Las Races ser retirado (Monument to Franco's meeting to be removed)", "article in the Guardian about Cecil Bebb", "Soviet Intervention in the Spanish Civil War, 193639: A Reexamination", Fosas Comunes Los desaparecidos de Franco. Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Tedulo Franco y Bahamonde Salgado Pardo, poznatiji kao Generalsimo Francisco Franco (Ferrol, 4. prosinca 1892. He presided over the government of the Spanish State as the "the Leader of Spain . His brother Nicols was a naval officer and diplomat who married Mara Isabel Pascual del Pobil. At the beginning of 1928, he was named director of the newly organized General Military Academy in Saragossa.

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