Knowing the meaning of surgical terminology is a great help for you to understand what kind of procedure will be performed, even if your understanding of a . Prexes of number and measurement describe an amount, size, or degree of involvement. MYOCARDIAL pertaining to the heart muscle BINDING/BOUND carried by, to make stick together, transported 0000001253 00000 n BRONCHOSPASM breathing distress caused by narrowing of the airways, CARCINOGENIC cancer-causing Linguistics often distinguish among several major writing styles or genres: fiction and poetry, non-fiction and journalism, science and technical style, and academic style. EEG electric brain wave tracing (electroencephalogram) ANOREXIA disorder in which person will not eat; lack of appetite For example, you can define Medical, Dental, Vision, Group Term Life, Long Term Disability, and Short Term Disability benefit coverage types. ANESTHETIC a drug or agent used to decrease the feeling of pain, or eliminate the feeling of pain by putting you to sleep Medical terminology is the language used to describe components and processes of the human body, medical procedures, diseases, disorders, and pharmacology. CPT codes, or procedural codes, describe what kind of procedure a patient has received while ICD codes, or diagnostic codes, describe any diseases, illnesses or injuries a patient may have. |JhH]*Ji p!oXBjJCJ_OAFu@{}.s!dsy\ Kh2 Xigbar Reddit, Originally Answered: What is the difference between the terms medical and clinical? CATHETER a tube placed near the spinal cord and used for anesthesia (indwelling epidural) during surgery MINIMAL slight HOLTER MONITOR a portable machine for recording heart beats CONGENITAL present before birth 43 20 PROSPECTIVE STUDY study following patients forward in time MYALGIA muscle aches Here are some more examples of the medical terms based on the root lip (fat): Various Aspects of Medical English Terminology, Boena Duganov, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia, from Towards Understanding Medical Translation and Interpreting, ed. DYSFUNCTION state of improper function UC Davis IRB Administration Version: 03/14/19 Adapted from: https://www.feinsteininstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Glossary-of-Lay-Terminology_12-15-14.pdf Some widely used medical terms such as bypass, clearance, screening, scanning, antidepressant, side effects, ultrasound, etc., are etymologically rooted in English and other languages, including Greek and Latin. When it comes to health care professionals, effective communication is not simply a matter of outreach but an urgent and, at times, even life-and-death requirement. ICD-10 It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of A type of benefits coverage. Knowing lay expressions can also help physicians understand their patients when the patients describe their symptoms during doctors visits or hospital admissions. Like all languages, medical terminology has changed over time. Health communication based on an accessible, patient-friendly language is not simply a matter of convenience; it is in fact an important ethical concept within the larger modern ethics of health literacy and patient-empowerment in the Western world. 5. STRATIFY arrange in groups for analysis of results (e.g., stratify by age, sex, etc.) Sometimes called "compassionate use," expanded access is a potential pathway for a patient with a serious or immediately life-threatening disease or condition to gain access to an . Healthcare terminology is important for three key reasons: First, it enables medical specialists to communicate seamlessly with one another. In addition to styles and genres, another filter applied to the medical text is the level of formality (register): informal (casual) register vs. formal register. 2022 finished with a deal count 9% lower than the record pace of 2021, but still higher than pre-pandemic levels. It depends. It's their very own language and it helps them understand completely what is happening or what has to be done to help a patient. Hysterectomy: Surgical procedure to remove the uterus. DISTAL toward the end, away from the center of the body You may have noticed that directional terms are always communicating a position or direction relative to something else. POTENTIATOR an agent that helps another agent work better Three. PRN as needed LETHARGY sleepiness, tiredness Waviness is the term used for the most broadly spaced surface finish variations. Simply put, it is the vocabulary that medical professionals use to describe the body, what it does, and the treatments they prescribe. An additional layer of meaning is provided by an affix, which is a small linguistic unit, added either before or after the root (prefix vs. suffix). ASPIRATION fluid entering the lungs, such as after vomiting EXPEDITED REVIEW rapid review of a protocol by the IRB Chair without full committee approval, permitted with certain low-risk research studies PLATELETS small particles in the blood that help with clotting HEMOLYSIS breakdown in red blood cells THROMBOSIS clotting HYPERTENSION high blood pressure How Long Does It Take to Implement A CRM Tool? IMMUNOGLOBIN a protein that makes antibodies 0000002301 00000 n Montalt, Vicent; Karen Zethsen & Wioleta Karwacka. towle sterling silver patterns antique &nbsp>&nbsptuscaloosa shooting november 2020 &nbsp>  difference between medical terminology and lay terminology 1. The Arabic words, which had entered English through Latin and then French, include alcohol, alchemy, alkali, and nitrate. MOTILITY the ability to move In 50 words, differentiate between the terms 'medical terminology' and 'lay terminology'. x]ks>U5 {mv(rn=2RSi4;G A.L!p _~;V0VVuq~+*/+^]+_U5~|w3fg8X[|Z3g~-X_q?_}t>I/kf}GLmwxD34fu"_"rJyX Specific locations on the body are indicated by prefixes. CULTURE test for infection, or for organisms that could cause infection It is published online in the open-access journal Public Library of Science: ONE. ASSESS to learn about, measure, evaluate, look at Montalt, Vicent; Karen Zethsen & Wioleta Karwacka. Anatomical terms of movement are used to describe the actions of muscles upon the skeleton. 2022 by Galina Blankenship San Francisco, CA . MEGALOBLASTOSIS change in red blood cells Table 6. 0000006163 00000 n Arm type How should I use lay vs. lie? INTUBATE the placement of a tube into the airway For instance, in the term subendocardial, the two prefixes sub- (beneath) and endo- (within) are translated as pertaining to beneath and within. OSTEOPOROSIS softening of the bones Willis, Marjorie Canfield. VENIPUNCTURE needle stick, blood draw, entering the skin with a needle Deconstruct the term cardiologist. Glossary of Terms Alternative Lay Language for Medical Terms in Informed Consent Forms Please feel free to use these terms in place of "medical jargon", whenever you feel they might be better understood. Nurses may need to adjust their use of health terminology depending on who they are communicating with. HEMATOMA a bruise, a black and blue mark ankylosing spondylitis: A disease that leads to swelling between the disks of the spine and in the joints where the pelvis and spine meet. The thumb (pollex) is lateral to the digits. Waviness. MUCOSA, MUCOUS MEMBRANE moist lining of digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary tracts Balance billing is the practice of a provider billing you for all charges not paid by your insurance plan, even if those charges are above the plan's usual, customary and reasonable (UCR) charges or are considered medically unnecessary. Ontologies enable each medical idea or concept to be represented and defined according to medical truth. and non-fiction (popular science publications, news, etc.) 2. Informed Consent Forms. ankylo-: Means crooked or bent; refers to stiffening of a joint. MedTerms online medical dictionary provides quick access to hard-to-spell and often misspelled medical definitions through an extensive alphabetical listing. Integral to billing medical services and procedures for reimbursement, CPT is the language spoken between providers and payers.. Current Procedural Terminology, more commonly known as CPT , refers to a set of medical codes used by physicians, allied health professionals, nonphysician practitioners, hospitals, outpatient facilities, and laboratories to describe the procedures and services . Medical may refer to both clinical and research activities within medicine, but clinical refers to actually diagnosing and treating patients. 2022 by Galina Blankenship San Francisco, CA . Content marketing is considered to be the channel that produces leads with the highest ROI. EFFICACY effectiveness The root of a term often refers to an . Glucose test: A test to discover the quantity of a particular type of sugar in the bloodstream. 35 A reference terminology contains the core set of specialized standardized terms that facilitates precise communication by eliminating ambiguity. DGt+RNUWMW+c{p=:4TWRkETT5*{t*KfJSM3zx1$Mm!busUJ[-&I-I-SaiMH:c8t[`XMQ#ksU!kH'+&ay%n*%EF)fa}[v"R3)z`0x`BqhQ]NgH?R3aIj;=9mn Terminology and disease classification are now consistent with new technology and current clinical practice. DIASTOLIC lower number in a blood pressure reading Common medical terms described in lay language. Aims: Medical terms occupy growing spaces in dictionaries and the media daily propose a great number of medical words. The terminology that health professionals, marketers and communicators use to identify a disease or medical condition makes a big difference in how serious people think the condition is and can affect how patients seek treatment, according to research from McMaster University . For example, the Greek term diabetes mellitus literally means flowing through / sweet as honey, which, most probably, initially referred to the sweet odor of the urine of a person with diabetes. DOPPLER device using sound waves to diagnose or test Cardiovascular disease - also called heart disease is a class of diseases that involve the heart, the blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, and veins) or both. CDRH - (Center for Devices and . STANDARD OF CARE a treatment plan that the majority of the medical community would accept as appropriate Ramn Ribes, Pablo R. Ros. FIBROUS having many fibers, such as scar tissue INFUSION slow injection of a substance into the body, usually into the blood by means of a catheter VECTOR a carrier that can transmit disease-causing microorganisms (germs and viruses) Organs or parts of human body associated with adjectival and noun terms. BID twice a day ACUITY clearness, keenness, esp. Medical terminology is complicated, which may be problematic for patients who need to understand how to use their medications or which instructions to follow. POTENTIATE increase or multiply the effect of a drug or toxin (poison) by giving another drug or toxin at the same time (sometimes an unintentional result) PLACEBO EFFECT improvement seen with giving subjects a placebo, though it contains no active drug/treatment non-medical) word to use with your patients: Now check out this quizlet to boost your learning and test your knowledge! Here are some more examples of the medical terms based on the root lip (fat): Here are some examples of common combining forms and associated adjectival medical terms. 2. In keeping with the democratic ethos of the liberal culture, patient-centered communication fosters a holistic view of patients in health care professionals, requiring them to heed to patients needs and wishes by including them in their medical care plans. STOMATITIS mouth sores, inflammation of the mouth 0000002529 00000 n Ra{,!6 >b.AcM:wydqy%&3.9q If a patient is told that she has gastroesophageal reflux disease rather than heartburn, she might think she is more ill than she really is, the study found. Many such components are common and all of them can be divided into three main categories: Combining form = Combining vowel (o/i) + Root. Zobo High Chair, Examples: The eye is lateral to the nose. IDE investigational device exemption, the license to test an unapproved new medical device OPHTHALMIC pertaining to the eye CPAP Mask - CPAP masks are used with a CPAP machine to deliver continuous air pressure. The same goes for medical terminology: Whereas before new technical terms were derived from the Latinized Greek, today we tend to use English words to name medical innovations and devices. tony dokoupil ex wife the bachelorette. 6. : the way in which a thing lies or is laid in relation to something else. Abscess: A tender, fluid-filled pocket that forms in tissue, usually due to infection. About the book authors: Beverley Henderson, CMT-R, HRT has more than 40 years of experience in medical terminology and transcription as both an educator and manager.Jennifer L. Dorsey, PhD has coauthored, revised, and ghostwritten books in the medical, business, and personal growth categories for more than 20 years.. Beverley Henderson, CMT-R, HRT has more than 40 years of experience in . Attorneys - Call800 275 8903 Services Services Expert Witness Initial Case Review Indexing and Chronology Independent Medical Exam Medical Case File Review Serious. ANTIBIOTIC drug that kills bacteria and other germs ANTIMICROBIAL drug that kills bacteria and other germs ANTIRETROVIRAL drug that works against the growth of certain viruses ADVERSE EFFECT side effect, bad reaction, unwanted response ALLERGIC REACTION rash, hives, swelling, trouble breathing AMBULATE/AMBULATION/AMBULATORY walk, able to walk 5. Lay Language Glossary. Premium: The amount you pay for your health insurance or plan each month. One such medical term is herpes, which is an inflammatory disease affecting the skin. The source for the confusion is the European Commission itself. Medial and Lateral Imagine a line in the sagittal plane, splitting the right and left halves evenly. HEPARIN LOCK needle placed in the arm with blood thinner to keep the blood from clotting Recently Medicalized Terms Perceived as More? Therefore, the readability of such material becomes secondary to the appropriateness of the technical terms and industry jargon used. TITRATION a method for deciding on the strength of a drug or solution; gradually increasing the dose Anatomical Directional Terms . Please feel free to use these terms in place of medical jargon, wherever you feel they might be better understood. Many terms are produced by combining more than one root (compound terms) or by adding a suffix to the root using a combining vowel (mainly, -o- or, less frequently, -i-) for easier pronunciation. ), academic (peer review studies, scientific articles, pharmacovigilance communication, etc.) The root is the primary unit of a word. RECOMBINANT formation of new combinations of genes 7. But, to get you started, here is a quick look at some of the most common prefixes that play a huge role in both [] Obesity: A term uses to describe excess body fat; it is defined in terms of a person's weight and height, or their body mass index (BMI). ADJUVANT helpful, assisting, aiding, supportive As a language, English is historically and culturally linked with Latin. ANTIBIOTIC drug that kills bacteria and other germs 6. While medical terminology is exercised in physician-to-physician communication, and when keeping records, it is poor practice to use medical terminology in the presence of patients. endobj In fact, French was an invaluable intermediary between Latinized Greek and English, with numerous Greek- and Latin-rooted words having become the staple of the current English vocabulary: e.g., superior, inferior, male, female, face, gout, migraine, odor, ointment, pain, venom, acne, basis, chaos, character, criterion, dogma, horizon, stigma, asthma, trauma, etc. Hardin Library, Office 105 INTERNAL within the body You may know what oxidative phosphorylation means but its unlikely that the average lay reader will. CPAP - CPAP stands for "continuous positive airway pressure". LIPID PROFILE (PANEL) fat and cholesterol levels in the blood Understanding terminology ensures doctors and technicians have a shared method of communicating, which helps avoid confusion when pinpointing structures and describing locations of lesions. $br[RdP64le?oPvc#zq8>>V5?fy4+N#~FLg&#) ARRHYTHMIA abnormal heartbeat; any change from the normal heartbeat Medical terminologies are universal to the healthcare or medical industry. The pelvis is inferior to the abdomen. Thanks for visiting my site and I hope you find it useful! IDIOPATHIC of unknown cause Medical terminology is the language used in healthcare to describe anatomy, structures, conditions, diagnoses, procedures, treatments, and much more. Understanding the difference between seriousness and severity is critical to correctly reporting and evaluating AEs. The major types of prexes specify such parameters as the position in the body, number and measurement, and direction (see Table 6 for the list of common prefixes). Medical terms resemble jigsaw puzzles. Pathological suxes describe an abnormal condition or disease. ONCOLOGY the study of tumors or cancer After a small group of Italian doctors formed an influential medical school in Salerno (Italy) in the Middle Ages, they revived and celebrated the teachings of Greek physicians such as Hippocrates and Galen. &3Tm;HkMkw5g7IjGJ]J[M Reels outperform other post types on Instagram. NONINVASIVE not breaking, cutting, or entering the skin How to remember the difference between lay and lie (pLAce) and (recLIne) This mnemonic should help you remember that lay, which begins with the letters L-A, has a long A sound like its definition: to place.On the other hand, lie, which starts with the letters L-I, has a long I sound like its definition: to recline. INGESTION eating; taking by mouth IMMUNITY defense against, protection from On the other hand, building a medical word that means enlargement of the stomach requires knowledge of the word element for stomach (gastr or gastr (o)) and the sux for enlargement (-megaly). These expressions are quite old, some dating back to the Norman invasion. ABSORB take up fluids, take in HYPOCALCEMIA low blood calcium level HEPATOMA cancer or tumor of the liver REGENERATION re-growth of a structure or of lost tissue MEDULLABLASTOMA a type of brain tumor 3. MALFUNCTION condition in which something is not functioning properly Shorter free trial periods that require billing information tend to convert better. RBC red blood cell INTRAVESICAL in the bladder The medical word for enlargement of the stomach is gastromegaly. Marketing and sales alignment continues to be key, while theres less emphasis on nurturing leads to avoid missing opportunities. Wholesaler: In a simple distribution system, the wholesaler is the first purchaser of a drug product direct from the manufacturer.Wholesalers buy very large quantities and then resell either direct to provider-purchasers (like a large health system, pharmacy or pharmacy chain), or resell to smaller, regional distributors for regional or local distribution to retail pharmacies and hospitals. T-LYMPHOCYTES type of white blood cells Prefixes relating to size, state, number, or color, 2022 by Galina Blankenship San Francisco, CA www.transcendwithwords.com, Medical Terminology: Greek and Latin Origins and Word Formation Guidelines, scanning, antidepressant, side effects, ultrasound, As a language, English is historically and culturally linked with Latin. Simply put, the difference between CPT codes and ICD codes are that CPT codes are related to procedures and ICD codes are related to diagnoses. (2018) Medical translation in the 21st centurychallenges and trends. In: Montalt, Vicent; Karen Zethsen & Wioleta Karwacka (eds.) The terms cardiorrhexis (above) and cardiorrhaphy (below) have different suffixes: rrhexis is a diagnostic suffix and rrhaphy is a surgical suffix. Latin and Greek medical terms tend to combine elements from either language. 0000002828 00000 n 0000002266 00000 n To read (analyze) the term polyneuropathy, begin from the end of the wordfrom its suffix pathy, which means disease. Do B2B Demand Gen Priorities Differ This Year? CHD coronary heart disease On the other hand, building a medical word that means enlargement of the stomach requires knowledge of the word element for stomach (gastr or gastr(o)) and the sux for enlargement (-megaly). CARCINOMA type of cancer This particular linguistic feature is of a great importance in writing or translating information materials for lay readers. CLINICAL TRIAL an experiment involving human subjects ABDOMEN/ABDOMINAL body cavity below diaphragm that contains stomach, intestines, liver and other organs ruston city court hours; conventional tillage advantages and disadvantages; texas express lane payment; i can t pass the praxis core writing Medical terminology is used in the field of medicine. Now, go to the beginning and move across: the prefix poly- means many and the root neuro is the Greek word for nerve. We will discuss the symbols and interpretation of lay in the Symbols section below. Greek is such a great source for specialized terminology because of its linguistic malleability, namely, its amazing suitability for building compound words. Fax: 319-335-7310irb@uiowa.edu, UI Investigator's Guide\IRB Standard Operating Procedures, Central & External IRBs (Single IRB of Record), HIPAA Privacy Rule Information & Resources. BONE MASS the amount of calcium and other minerals in a given amount of bone METASTASIS spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another For instance, in the term, Many terms are produced by combining more than one root (compound terms) or by adding a suffix to the root using a, The combining vowel is so often used to glue either roots or roots to suffixes that it is routinely presented as a, On the other hand, building a medical word that means, Here are some more examples of the medical terms based on the root, Suffixes: surgical, diagnostic, pathological, grammatical. PROXIMAL closer to the center of the body, away from the end The doublet phenomenon refers to the pairs (doublets) of words of different origins that are used in different registers (formal vs. informal), e.g., begin initiate, search investigate, swelling edema, shot injection, heart attack myocardial infarction. US offline media spending grew by 4.2% year-over-year in 2022, but will inch down this year. DYSPLASIA abnormal cells, ECHOCARDIOGRAM sound wave test of the heart REFRACTORY not responding to treatment June 28, 2022 TOPICAL on the surface Simply put, it is the vocabulary that medical professionals use to describe the body, what it does, and the treatments they prescribe. These next two years will be utilized to analyze change requests and create revisions. Often a result of chronologically separate borrowings from two related languages, doublets tend to have different phonological forms but the same etymological root. Medical Terminology: A Programmed Learning Approach to the Language of Health Care / Edition 2. Calzature-Donna-Soffice-Sogno. When the rapid expansion of medical science during the last two centuries required a stock of new terms for the newly discovered diseases and the invented medical tools, Greek words, often in their Latinized forms, became the way to go. Medical terminology is complicated, which may be problematic for patients who need to understand how to use their medications or which instructions to follow. HYPERKALEMIA high blood potassium level POTENTIAL possible The terms used assume that the body begins in the anatomical position. Some articles in medical journals use a lesser-known term for the virus: SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Once you know what components constitute them, you can figure out what they mean. Surgical suxes describe a type of invasive procedure performed on a body part. ISCHEMIA decreased oxygen in a tissue (usually because of decreased blood flow), LAPAROTOMY surgical procedure in which an incision is made in the abdominal wall to enable adoctor to look at the organs inside ORAL ADMINISTRATION by mouth NOSOCOMIAL acquired in the hospital, OCCLUSION closing; blockage; obstruction PROPHYLAXIS a drug given to prevent disease or infection the lay of the land. Ultra-. SYMPTOMATIC having symptoms Hn0EY:@ME4 NEcne_zT0@\!gO-yoZpFMa% In this infographic, you will know why it is . Correlation between common patient complaints and medical conditions. gCnji%)5A,y9, DOUBLE BLIND study in which neither investigators nor subjects know what drug or treatment the subject is receiving ). These terms are not the only acceptable plain language alternatives for these vocabulary words. SUBCUTANEOUS under the skin Lay is generally produced by the manufacturing process and can be parallel, perpendicular, circular, crosshatched, radial, multi-directional, or isotropic (non-directional). Through or across. I am a UK qualified Doctor and a qualified English teacher. Medical terminology is important if you work in the healthcare field. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Grouping the surgical, diagnostic, pathological, related, and grammatical suxes makes them easier to remember them. For the data to be usable, those systems have to talk to the same language. Formal register is often used when preparing specialist- or clinician-facing (insider) documents, which rely on precision and accuracy of the facts and data presented. Managed care plans and service plans generally prohibit providers from balance billing . "Disorder often fortifies the system against the action of remedies.". 1) ganglion: ganglia 2) calyx: calices 3) septum: septuma 4) thorax: thoraces Condition, Disease, Disorder. Medical Terminology refers to the vocabulary that medical professionals use to describe the bodywhat it does, diseases that impact it, and procedures to correct it enabling precise communication among practitioners. Short grammatical suxes are attached to word roots to form parts of speech, such as adjectives and nouns. LOCALIZED restricted to one area, limited to one area RECONSTITUTION putting back together the original parts or elements For this reason, Greek terms often occur in clinical terminology, e.g., English has many such synonymous pairs, which are called, Apart from well-established medical doublet pairs, English still uses, Often a result of chronologically separate borrowings from two related languages, doublets tend to have different phonological forms but the same etymological root. While some patients may have a comprehensive medical vocabulary, most likely do not. " (g) ' intended purpose' means the use for which the device is intended according to the data supplied by the . The study, which was undertaken to see if there was a difference between medicalese vs. lay terms for common medical disorders, examined the terminology that used to describe ailments that have recently come to be known by more medicalized names. MRI magnetic resonance imaging, diagnostic pictures of the inside of the body, created using magnetic rather than x-ray energy : the terminology of semiotics | specialized terminologies for higher education.. nomenclature |nmnkl ch r| noun the devising or choosing of names for things, esp. ASSAY lab test xref SUPPORTIVE CARE general medical care aimed at symptoms, not intended to improve or cureunderlying disease Children's Hospital Of Pittsburgh Address, ACIDOSIS condition when blood contains more acid than normal AMBULATE/AMBULATION/AMBULATORY walk, able to walk Page 2 of 11 MEDICAL TERM LAY TERMINOLOGY bacteria germs benign not cancerous; without serious consequences BID twice a day bioavailability the extent to which a drug becomes available to the body CARDIAC related to the heart HEMODYNAMIC MEASURING measuring of blood flow More commonly, the terms are used to locate specific locations within the same area, on the same bone, or within an organ. EMPIRIC based on experience The doublet phenomenon occurs in most languages. CATHETER a tube for withdrawing or giving fluids However, when study participants were presented with the recently medicalized term for common conditions, the ailments were perceived to be more severe, more likely to be a disease and more likely to be rare, compared with the same disorder presented with its synonymous lay label. A huge medical encyclopedia called De Medicina (About Medicine), written by Roman nobleman Cornelius Celsus, recorded all that was then known about Greek and Roman medicine. Table 1 below shows some words for organs or parts of human body in Greek paired with the common medical conditions and human organs in plain English: Table 1. 2022 by Galina Blankenship San Francisco, CA www.transcendwithwords.com, Use of Lay (or Plain) Language in Medicine: Lay Terminology and Health Literacy, Linguistics often distinguish among several major writing, In addition to styles and genres, another filter applied to the medical text is the level of formality (, In addition to acronyms, trade names, and eponyms, contemporary medical language employs the corpus of Greek and Latin terminology, which has shaped the medical, and overall scientific, writing for the past 2,000 years. As with other languages, in English, terms of Greek and Latin origin have their Anglo-Saxon counterparts in the general language. Ancient Greek society valued and encouraged literary pursuits as much as mathematical and scientific studies. Dialysis: Process to filter the blood, usually performed as a result of kidney failure.

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