He then hurled his bomb at the car, only to watch it bounce off the folded-up roof and roll underneath the wrong vehicle. Popovi, in turn, provided them with a letter to Serbian Captain Prvanovi, and filled out a form with the names of three customs officials whose identities they could assume and thereby receive discounted train tickets for the ride to Loznica, a small border town. Then, that night, as Mehmedbai told Albertini: "On the eve of the outrage Ili introduced me to Princip in a Sarajevo caf with the words 'Mehmedbai who to-morrow is to be with us. When I was seventeen I passed whole nights at his grave, reflecting on our wretched condition and thinking of him. [176] According to a 2021 study, Franz Ferdinand's absence was key to the breakdown of diplomacy and escalation into war, as Ferdinand had been the most powerful and effective proponent for peace in Vienna.[177]. Americans were split between whether it was a good decision or a bad idea that would only bring financial problems and the loss of American lives. Franz Ferdinand was the eldest son of the archduke Charles Louis, who was the brother of the emperor Franz Joseph.The death of the heir apparent, Archduke Rudolf, in 1889 made Franz Ferdinand next in succession to the Austro-Hungarian throne after his father, who died in 1896. A little later we got to know of the assassination at Sarajevo. The June 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by the Serbian Black Hand Group, caused Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia. In that capacity, he agreed to attend a series of June 1914 military exercises in Bosnia-Herzegovina. [70], Ili began handing out the weapons on 27 June. [161] Grabe testified that he and Princip, also at about the time of Easter, agreed between them to make an assassination of either Governor Potiorek or Franz Ferdinand and a little later settled on Franz Ferdinand. Austria-Hungary was furious and, with Germany's support, declared war on Serbia on July 28. Soon after their confessions, Serbia executed Malobabi, Vulovi, and Apis on false charges. "It reminds me of the Kennedy assassination, where you have a world leader in an open top car going down the street, the public on both sides of the street, and his wife next to him; killed by a gunman. From late 1916 into early 1917, secret peace talks took place between Austria-Hungary and France. IWM collections. Much of what is known about the assassinations comes from these two trials and related records. [17] The five bullets eraji fired at Vareanin and the fatal bullet he put in his own brain made eraji an inspiration to future assassins, including Princip and Princip's accomplice abrinovi. Princip focused on taking full responsibility for the crime on himself, and stated: "Our enterprise was purely private and in no way official as the prosecution asserts. Artamonov stated that he went on vacation to Italy leaving Assistant Military Attach Alexander Werchovsky in charge and though he was in daily contact with Apis he did not learn of Apis's role until after the war had ended. The assassins and key members of the clandestine network were tried in Sarajevo in October 1914. He had worked as a schoolteacher and as a bank worker but in 1913 and 1914 he lived with, and outwardly off, his mother, who operated a small boarding house in Sarajevo. [96] Pistol serial numbers 19074, 19075, 19120 and 19126 were supplied to the assassins; Princip used #19074. An angry exchange followed between the Austrian Charg d'Affaires at Belgrade and Gruji. Gavrilo Princip killed Franz Ferdinand and his wife . [79], Arriving at the Town Hall for a scheduled reception, Franz Ferdinand showed understandable signs of stress, interrupting a prepared speech of welcome by Mayor Fehim Curi to protest: "Mr. Mayor, I came here on a visit and I am greeted with bombs. Hitler sent it to the Berlin Zeughaus where it was put on display in the military museum until 1945 when it disappeared. Because European nations had numerous colonies around the world, the war soon became a global conflict. [71] The motorcade's first stop on the preannounced program was for a brief inspection of a military barracks. When Ferdinand. Soon all the Great Powers except Italy had chosen sides and gone to war. While in Sarajevo, the royal couple was targeted by a small band of Serbian nationalists, outraged by Austria's takeover of Bosnia-Herzegovina. All Rights Reserved. Ili walked the street, exhorting the assassins to bravery. The assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand on 28 June 1914 set off a chain of events that led to war in early August 1914. [14][15], On 3 June 1910, Bogdan eraji, a young revolutionary loosely connect to Young Bosnia, attempted to kill the Austrian governor of Bosnia-Herzegovina, General Marijan Vareanin. They left the weapons in the hands of the Narodna Odbrana agent Miko Jovanovi and rejoined abrinovi. Until that day, Ili had kept the identities of the assassins from Belgrade secret from those he had recruited locally and vice versa. G Lagus, a schoolboy in Prague in the summer of 1914, sensed exactly what was going to happen, particularly because of the uneasy atmosphere in Austria-Hungary. The event triggered the start of World War. On 28 June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated at Sarajevo. The letter reminded Serbia of its commitment to respect the Great Powers' decision regarding Bosnia-Herzegovina, and to maintain good neighborly relations with Austria-Hungary. Nationalism was one of the main causes of World War I, which began in July of 1914, following the assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand.In fact, historians consider it to be one of four main long-term causes of the war, along with: militarism, alliance systems and imperialism.Nationalism was a particularly important cause of World War I due to several key factors. At trial, it was noted that the three assassins from Belgrade tried to take all blame on themselves. But many of them, all the Slavs, the Czechs, the Slovaks, the Serbs, those in Herzegovina, and later the Poles, were absolutely dissatisfied with the role which they played as nationalities in the state. They practised shooting a few rounds of scarce and expensive .380 ACP pistol ammunition in a park near Belgrade. On the way to the Town Hall, the first assassination attempt occurred. Overall, more than 16 million peoplesoldiers and civiliansdied in fighting that lasted until 1918. The majority of the defendants were charged with conspiracy to commit high treason involving official circles in the Kingdom of Serbia. "[121] Another Narodna Odbrana agent, Mihajlo Jovanovi, also claimed to have been against the assassination. We were lucky all of us in our form to have a master who taught us modern history who, in all his lectures not with so many words but always implying that one day, under some pretext, the Austrian-Hungarian monarchy will go to war with Serbia, which of course led all of us immediately to realise that this shot most probably will mean war. Royal Navy officer Neville Harvey was at the Kiel Regatta a German sailing event in June 1914. There is evidence that Russia was at least aware of the plot before 14 June. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [145], In the days leading up to the assassination, Pai was the caretaker prime minister because during this period the Serbian Government briefly fell to a political alliance led by the Serbian Military. This is the spark. [122] Princip deposed under cross-examination: "I am a Yugoslav nationalist and I believe in unification of all South Slavs in whatever form of state and that it be free of Austria." The public viewing of the coffins was curtailed severely and even more scandalously, Montenuovo tried unsuccessfully to make the children foot the bill. Hear how people reacted tothisnews in episode two. Through a complex web of alliances, Russia, France and Great Britain entered into war against Germany and Austria-Hungary. Once the assassination occurred, Carlin explains that the consequent domino effect could not be stopped. "[125], Prison terms, death sentences and acquittals were as follows:[126]. The examination of defendant Veljko ubrilovi (who helped coordinate the transport of the weapons and was a Narodna Odbrana agent) is illustrative of this effort. [108] He later resurfaced in Serbia where he joined Major Tankosi's Chetnik detachment during the war,[109] in 1916 the Serbian government imprisoned him on fabricated charges of treason during the Salonika trial, he was released in 1919. Mehmedbai was (here quoting Albertini paraphrasing Mehmedbai) "eager to carry out an act of terrorism to revive the revolutionary spirit of Bosnia. [48] The three assassins from Belgrade testified that Major Tankosi, directly and through Ciganovi, not only provided six hand grenades and four new Browning FN Model 1910 automatic pistols with .380 ACP ammunition,[47] but also money,[48] suicide pills,[49] training,[50] a special map with the location of gendarmes marked,[51] knowledge of contacts on a clandestine "tunnel" used to infiltrate agents and arms into Austria-Hungary,[52] and a small card authorizing the use of that tunnel. The assassination was traced to a Serbian extremist group that wanted to increase Serbian power in the Balkans by breaking up the Austro-Hungarian Empire. [28] Franz Ferdinand and his party proceeded by train from Ilida Spa to Sarajevo. followed by six or seven utterances of "It is nothing," in response to Harrach's inquiry as to Franz Ferdinand's injury. [107] Those in Austro-Hungarian custody were tried together with members of the infiltration route who had helped deliver them and their weapons to Sarajevo. World War I was sparked by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914 and ended with the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. According to Serbian Colonel C. A. Popovi, a captain at the time and a member of the Black Hand, in late 1913, Danilo Ili came to the Serbian listening post at Uice to speak to him. The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand On Sunday June 28th, 1914, Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie traveled in a motorcade through Sarajevo; their car was open topped and there was little security. The murder of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, is a major historical event that shocked the world. OTTO VON HABSBURG: "The whole world order broke down. Live for our children!" Austria declared war on Serbia, Russia prepared for war in support of Serbia, and Germany attacked Belgium and made its move towards France. Once at his mother's house, Ili hid the weapons in a suitcase under a sofa. "[121] ubrilovi explained that he was afraid a revolutionary organization capable of committing great atrocities stood behind Princip and that he therefore feared his house would be destroyed and his family killed if he did not comply and explained that he knew such an organization existed in Serbia, at least at one time. Princip explained to the court he had already read about Franz Ferdinand's upcoming visit in German papers. He then asked: "No one else knew of it beyond Ciganovi and ourselves. In July. Princip said that eraji "was my first model. Amongst those tried, four of the defendants had confessed their roles in Sarajevo and their final sentences were as follows:[135], In justifying the executions, Prime Minister Pai wrote to his envoy in London: "Dimitrijevi (Apis) besides everything else admitted he had ordered Franz Ferdinand to be killed. [163] Albertini concluded that the source of the information was most likely Milan Ciganovi. In the 5 June 1914 report by the President of the Narodna Odbrana Boa Milanovi to Prime Minister Pai, one can sense the frustration of the President over the hijacking of his organization in the final sentence dealing with Sarajevo: "Boa has informed all the agents that they should not receive anyone unless he produces the password given by Boa."[63]. hope this helps! At one point, Ciganovi told Grabe: "Nothing doing, the old Emperor is ill and the Heir Apparent [sic] will not go to Bosnia. Post is fun and all, but people should be aware of the glaring historical inaccuracy here: Gavrilo Princip was not eating a sandwich when he shot Archduke Ferdinand. She remembers the problems that this meant for her. There is evidence that parallel discussions were held between Austria-Hungary and Serbia with Prime Minister Pai dispatching his righthand man Stojan Proti and Regent Alexander dispatching his confidant Colonel Petar ivkovi to Geneva on secret business. Serbia partially accepted, finessed, disingenuously answered or politely rejected elements of the preamble and enumerated demands #17 and #9. With tensions already running high among Europes powers, the assassination precipitated a rapid descent into World War I. Thinking the police might be after him, he threw his weapons (a dagger and a bottle of poison) in the lavatory. Upon finishing that up, he insisted on visiting the wounded officers in the hospital. "[143] Jovanovi came back from the meeting with Bilinski and told Lejanin that "Bilinski showed no sign of attaching great importance to the total message and dismissed it limiting himself to remarking when saying goodbye and thanking him: 'Let us hope nothing does happen. Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire, Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Faculty of Law at the University of Zagreb, "The Origin of the Tale that Gavrilo Princip Was Eating a Sandwich When He Assassinated Franz Ferdinand", "European powers maintain focus despite killings in Sarajevo This Day in History", "Gavrilo Princip: Bosnian Serbs remember an assassin", "Remembering World War I in the Conflict's Flash Point", "Serbia: Belgrade's monument to Franz Ferdinand assassin", "Reconstruction of Medallions of Sarajevo Monument of Ferdinand and Sophie in Final Phase", "Zlatko Topi: Odlomak iz romana '28. One cause of WWI is the assassination of Archduke, Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and his wife on June 28, 1914 by a Serbian nationalist from the Black Hand organization. The bronze medallion of Ferdinand and Sophie, which was part of a monument that was erected on the site of the assassination and demolished in 1918 during Yugoslav rule, is currently preserved in the Art Gallery of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo. This dental device was sold to fix patients' jaws. Princip, a slender, 19-year-old Serbian army reject, later admitted to killing Ferdinand but said he had not meant to hit Sophie. The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the match that lit the fire of World War One. "The last time Europe had been in a general war was 90 years before this time period. It is there that I made up my mind sooner or later to perpetrate an outrage. This set off a chain of events that led to war. [1], This changed in May 1903, when Royal Serbian Army officers led by Dragutin Dimitrijevi stormed the Serbian Royal Palace. [65] Grabe joined his family in Pale. Apis's confession to ordering the operation that begins with the phrase "As the Chief of the Intelligence Department of the General Staff",[41] the fact that the military chain of command was invoked, the moribund nature of the "Black Hand" and the fact that under the "Black Hand" constitution Article 16, such an assassination could only be ordered by a vote of the Supreme Council Directorate, the President or the Secretary, and no such order was made,[155] are factors in favor of assigning responsibility to Serbian Military Intelligence. Hear about the effects of the recruiting driveon young men of Britain to join the army. Princip was found guilty of murder and high treason; too young to be executed, he was sentenced to twenty years in jail, while the four other attackers also received jail terms. As Sophie, although of high aristocratic birth, was not from a dynastic family, her union with the Habsburg heir presumptive could only be a morganatic marriage. Here's a look at the assassination of Franz Ferdinand. [25], Franz Ferdinand was an advocate of increased federalism and widely believed to favor trialism, under which Austria-Hungary would be reorganized by combining the Slavic lands within the Austro-Hungarian empire into a third crown. [127] abrinovi and Princip died of tuberculosis in prison. Franz Ferdinand had to wait as his own speech, still wet with blood from being in the damaged car, was brought to him. As their allies got involved this conflict grew into World War I (WWI). Sophie also became the victim of countless petty slights. [192] A marble plaque commemorating Princip and the assassination was erected in 1930 and, following the 1941 German invasion of Yugoslavia, was subsequently given to Adolf Hitler as a 52nd birthday present. The Russians, coming to the aid of their fellow Slavs, declared war on Austria-Hungary. [29] Princip, abrinovi and other members of the Young Bosnia were inspired by the heroism of Milo Obili, reenacting the Kosovo Myth. Black Hand members were arrested and tried before a Serbian court in Salonika in 1917 on fabricated charges of high treason; the Black Hand was disbanded and three of its leaders were executed. [13] In Bosnia-Herzegovina existed an aggregation of local revolutionary groups that became known as Young Bosnia, their goal was the end of Austria-Hungarian colonial rule in Bosnia and the unification of all South Slavs. [22] Following the maneuvers, Ferdinand and his wife planned to visit Sarajevo to open the state museum in its new premises there. [148], In 1914, Rade Malobabi was Serbian Military Intelligence's chief undercover operative against Austria-Hungary. The assassination precipitated the July Crisis which led to Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia and the start of World War I. Advertisement [83] In order to ensure the safety of the couple, General Oskar Potiorek decided that the imperial motorcade should travel straight along the Appel Quay to the Sarajevo Hospital so that they could avoid the crowded city center. It then sent Serbia an ultimatum, worded in a way that made acceptance unlikely. "[136], As the three condemned men were driven to their execution, Apis remarked to the driver: "Now it is clear to me and clear to you too, that I am to be killed today by Serbian rifles solely because I organized the Sarajevo outrage. The shot that rang out at Sarajevo on 28 June 1914 plunged Europe into one of the most devastating wars in its history. The First World War began in the summer of 1914, shortly after the assassination of Austria's Archduke, Franz Ferdinand, and lasted more than four years, ending in 1918. "At the time this German guy named Von Helga said this conflict were about to get into will decide the fate of planet for the next 100 years. Sophie's coffin was slanted down from her husband's to reassert her lower social status, gloves were placed on top of her casket as was traditional for a lady-in-waiting. Count Harrach took up a position on the left-hand running board of Franz Ferdinand's car to protect the Archduke from any assault from the river side of the street. Princip told abrinovi to go alone to Zvornik, make an official crossing there using Grabe's ID card and then go on to Tuzla and link back up. We had the feeling towards 1914 that England was envying Germanys successes in industry and so on and that England wouldnt allow Germany to enlarge the fleet very much. Princip, a slender, 19-year-old Serbian army reject, later admitted to killing Ferdinand but said he had not meant to hit Sophie. By mistake, however, the first three cars turned onto a side street right where Princip happened to be standing. [38] Princip asked another friend Trifko Grabe to join the plot, and then wrote to Ili, his former roommate and confidante, telling him about the plan and asking him to recruit people in Sarajevo.[44]. At least 10 dead after winter storm slams South, Midwest, The Saturday Six: Dental device controversy, scientist's bug find and more, Indonesia fuel depot fire kills 18; more than a dozen missing, Biden had cancerous skin lesion removed last month, doctor says, Duo of 81-year-old women plan to see the world in 80 days, Tom Sizemore, actor known for "Saving Private Ryan" and "Heat," dies at 61, Alex Murdaugh sentenced to life in prison for murders of wife and son. After swallowing a cyanide pill which only made him sick, assassin Gavrilo Princip was dragged from an angry crowd and arrested for shooting Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife. Thus, for love, did the Archduke go to his death. Better than now. The archduke was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist named Gavrilo Princip on June 28, 1914. Instead of being a "flashbulb event . In response to the assassination of Ferdinand, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. One defendant died during the trial and the charges against him were dropped. By the following week, Germany, Russia, France, Belgium, Montenegro and Great Britain had all been drawn into the conflict, and other countries like the United States would enter later. Immediately this event is the trigger that set off declarations of the war. Henley Claxton was a 16 year-old sailor in Britains Royal Navy when war broke out in August 1914. The spark that set off World War I came on June 28, 1914, when a young Serbian patriot shot and killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire (Austria), in the city of Sarajevo. Continued instability and conflict in the Balkans was a significant cause of tension prior to World War I. [90] The Sarajevo Chief of Police Edmund Gerde, who had earlier repeatedly warned Potiorek of insufficient security precautions for the imperial visit, was asked by one of the Archduke's aides to tell the drivers of the new route, but in the confusion and tensions of the moment, he neglected to do so. This places the cabinet minister's discussions in late May and the information release to some time before that. The following day, anti-Serb demonstrations in Sarajevo became more violent and could be characterized as a pogrom. The first assassination attempt failed due to the quick reaction of the Austrian heir-apparent. The archduke's chamberlain, Baron Rumerskirch, proposed that the couple remain at the Town Hall until troops could be brought into the city to line the streets. He describes the German and British attitudes to war. The catastrophic event reveals a lot about the political and social tensions that . After several failed attempts from members of the Black Hand that day, the members were running out of hope. In Tuzla, abrinovi bumped into one of his father's friends, Sarajevo Police Detective Ivan Vila, and struck up a conversation. Going back to the years before I ever joined the Navy, 1908, one of the slogans were, politically: We want eight and we wont wait. Find out what happened in between these momentous events in this World War I timeline. "[116] Two Serbs were killed on the first day of pogrom in Sarajevo, many were attacked, while around 1,000 houses, shops, schools and institutions (such as banks, hotels, printing houses) owned by Serbs were razed or pillaged. Anti-Serb rioting broke out in Sarajevo and various other places within Austria-Hungary in the hours following the assassination until order was restored by the military. At 10:45a.m, Franz Ferdinand and Sophie got back into the motorcade, once again in the third car. At 10:10 am,[75] Franz Ferdinand's car approached and abrinovi threw his bomb. 2014 CBS Interactive Inc. All Rights Reserved. "[118], Austro-Hungarian authorities arrested and prosecuted the Sarajevo assassins (except for Mehmedbai who had escaped to Montenegro and was released from police custody there to Serbia)[119] together with the agents and peasants who had assisted them on their way. [117], Following the assassination, Franz Joseph's daughter, Marie Valerie, noted that her father expressed his greater confidence in the new heir presumptive, his grandnephew Archduke Charles. "He described the leaders like men smoking in an arsenal.". The bomb bounced off the folded back convertible cover into the street. On 28 June, Ferdinand was visiting Sarajevo in Bosnia. 1. 6. It was a huge, multi-ethnic empire located in the middle of Europe. [94] The Archduke, too, lost consciousness while being driven to the Governor's residence for medical treatment. Our journey starts with an extremely promising omen, he purportedly said when the axles on his car overheated. We lost so much in 1918. Shot through the neck, choking on his own blood with his beloved wife dying beside him, the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of the Habsburg Empire, managed a few words before losing consciousness: "It's nothing," he repeatedly said of his fatal wound. [160] Princip went on to testify that, at about the time of Easter (19 April), he wrote an allegorical letter to Ili informing him of the plan to kill Franz Ferdinand. The next day, Serbian reservists being transported on tramp steamers on the Danube crossed onto the Austro-Hungarian side of the river at Temes-Kubin and Austro-Hungarian soldiers fired into the air to warn them off. Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife photographed shortly before their assassination during their official visit to Sarajevo, 28 June 1914. Emperor Franz Joseph had only consented to their marriage on the condition that their descendants would never ascend the throne. The Archduke's friend Kaiser Wilhelm II was invited so that the Imperial Cabinet could consult him on foreign policy, but he declined to attend; although he publicly claimed it was due to a case of lumbago, Imperial Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg revealed that the real reason was security concerns. Copyright 2023 CBS Interactive Inc. All rights reserved. [68] Then, on approximately 17 June, Ili traveled to Brod (Dedijer puts it on 16 June, but trial records put it on 18 June). In this essay I am trying to see how much impact the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand had in the run up to war. This event was, however, simply the trigger that set off declarations of war. The Spark: Assassination A. [34] By 1913, Apis and his fellow military conspirators (drawn heavily from the ranks of the May 1903 coup) had come to dominate what was left of the Black Hand. But because of Franz Ferdinand's ill health in the 1890s, his younger brother Otto was regarded as more likely to . That morning, June 28, the archduke sent a telegram to his eldest son congratulating him on his latest exam results. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand lead to the "war to end all wars" because it set off a series of war declarations on numerous nations because of alliances that have been formed. It worked. At imperial banquets, for example, she entered each room last, without an escort, and was then seated far away from her husband at the dinner table. [132] The Austro-Hungarian peace demand gave added impetus to this plan. And we left on Tuesday morning; nobody thinking there was going to be a war immediately. On 28 June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife were assassinated by a Serbian-backed terrorist. How did the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand lead to WW1? Everybody, both sides, said Never can we fight the British, and we would say, never can we fight the Germans. The shortcomings of Serbia's response were published by Austria-Hungary. Was it really a lunch-hour coincidence that led to the death of the Archduke in Sarajevo in 1914and, by extension, World War I? The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand on 28 June 1914 has been so manipulated and mythologised that it's time we spoke of a 'Sarajevo myth', argues historian Paul Miller-Melamed. The assassins were given access to the same clandestine network of safe-houses and agents that Malobabi used for the infiltration of weapons and operatives into Austria-Hungary. [18] Grabe stated that he would never have taken part had he known that it would lead to a European war. The third car in the motorcade was a Grf & Stift 28/32 PS open sports car with its top folded down. As the cars attempted to reverse back onto the Appel Quay, Princip whipped out his pistol and fired two shots at the archduke from point-blank range, piercing him in the neck and also striking Sophies abdomen. When pressed for why he risked the punishment of the law, and did not take the protection of the law against these threats he responded: "I was more afraid of terror than the law. On June 28, 1914, Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of the Austro-Hungarian empire, and his wife were were assassinated by a serbian nationalist in Sarajevo. According to the program, at 10:00a.m., the motorcade was to leave the barracks for the town hall by way of the Appel Quay. They were shot at close range while being driven through Sarajevo, the provincial capital of Bosnia-Herzegovina, formally annexed by Austria-Hungary in 1908. The result would be the Great War that changed the course of the twentieth century. When 19-year old Gavrilo Princip fired two shots in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914, killing the heir to the Austrian throne, he set in motion events that would change the course of history. [35], There are no reports as to what took place between Ili and Apis during the alleged meeting, but soon Apis's righthand man and fellow Black Hander, Serbian Major Vojislav Tankosi, who by this time was in charge of guerrilla training, called a Serbian irredentist planning meeting in Toulouse, France. 01. of 06. For the assassination Ili recruited seventeen-year-old Sarajevo high-school student Vaso ubrilovi, eighteen-year-old student Cvjetko Popovi, as well as Mehmed Mehmedbai, shortly after Orthodox Easter (as given by Dedijer: 19 April 1914), as testified by Ili, ubrilovi, and Popovi at the Sarajevo trial.

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